Discovering a lump in your breast can be frightening, but not all lumps are cancerous. In fact, many are benign, meaning non-cancerous and incredibly common. But do these benign breast lumps increase your risk of developing breast cancer later in life?
According to Associate Professor Sanjay Warrier, one of Australia’s leading breast surgeons, the answer depends on the type of benign lump and understanding the differences is key to managing your breast health with confidence.
“Many women worry that benign lumps may signal that they are more likely to develop breast cancer. Not all benign breast lumps increase cancer risk, but some do carry a slightly higher association,” Associate Professor Warrier said.
“Knowing what type of lump you have is essential and in most cases, early investigation and regular monitoring is all that’s needed.”
Associate Professor Warrier is one of the world’s leading breast health and breast cancer surgeons who has built a highly respected practice in Sydney. The practice spans three locations with its main surgical centre located at the Chris O’Brien Lifehouse in Camperdown, and the other sites at BMA House, Macquarie Street, Sydney and Bondi Junction Medical, Oxford Street, Bondi Junction.
In addition to Associate Professor Warrier’s breast health and surgical work, he also dedicates considerable time to research exploring and developing advancements in breast cancer detection and treatments to improve outcomes for patients. He also codeveloped Australasia’s first Master of Advanced Surgery (Breast Surgery) which is delivered through the University of Sydney.
Associate Professor Warrier outlines the different types of benign lumps that can occur in the breast.
Fibroadenomas
“These types of lumps are very common. They are solid, smooth, rubbery lumps most commonly found in younger women. They are not cancerous and are not typically associated with a higher risk of breast cancer,” Associate Professor Warrier said.
Cysts
“Cysts are also very common and are fluid-filled sacs that can feel soft or firm. They may fluctuate in size with the menstrual cycle and are generally harmless, although they can be painful or tender,” Associate Professor Warrier said.
Fibrocystic changes
“Fibrocystic changes cause the breast tissue to feel lumpy or rope-like and are a common, non-cancerous condition often influenced by hormonal changes. These changes do not increase cancer risk,” Associate Professor Warrier said.
Intraductal papillomas
“Intraductal papillomas are small growths that develop in the milk ducts, sometimes causing nipple discharge. These are usually benign but may slightly increase the risk of cancer, especially if multiple papillomas are found,” Associate Professor explained.
Atypical hyperplasia
“Although still classified as benign, this refers to an overgrowth of abnormal-looking cells in the breast ducts or lobules. This condition does increase the risk of developing breast cancer and requires close monitoring,” Associate Professor Warrier said.
“Atypical hyperplasia is the one type of benign change that’s strongly associated with a higher long-term breast cancer risk. While it’s not cancer, it signals a need for more frequent screenings and a proactive approach to breast health.”
Any new lump or change in breast tissue should be assessed by a doctor. Diagnosis usually involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging such as ultrasound or mammogram and sometimes a biopsy.
“The most important message is this: don’t panic, but don’t ignore it either,” Associate Professor Warrier said.
“Most lumps turn out to be benign, but a proper diagnosis gives you clarity and peace of mind and in rare cases, early detection saves lives.”
Associate Professor Warrier emphasised that not all benign breast lumps increase cancer risk and in many cases, they are harmless. However, certain conditions like atypical hyperplasia and intraductal papillomas can indicate a higher risk and require careful follow-up.
“Breast health is about awareness, not anxiety. Know your body, trust your instincts and seek medical advice early. Early detection and understanding your risk factors are the best tools we have,” he said.
Further information about undertaking breast screening and detecting breast cancer can be found at https://www.drsanjaywarrier.com.au.
About Associate Professor Sanjay Warrier
Associate Professor Sanjay Warrier is a past President and current committee member of Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand (BreastSurgANZ). His views are those of his own, not BreastSurgANZ. Associate Professor Warrier’s surgery is located at the Chris O’Brien Lifehouse and he also has clinics at Oxford Street, Bondi Junction and Macquarie Street, Sydney. He is published in numerous peer-reviewed journals and won the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital’s Patron’s Prize for best scientific research.
